The Dictionary Index

Benefits evaluated according to an actor's own improvement rather than its advantage relative to others.

The use of machine-learning or other AI techniques to support the identification, prioritisation or assessment of possible military targets.

Systematic patterns in an algorithm's outcomes that unfairly disadvantage people or produce distorted judgements because of data, design or deployment choices.

The patterns of friendship and hostility shaping expectations of threat and cooperation among states within a region.

The absence of a central authority above sovereign states in the international system; it does not necessarily mean chaos.

Military capabilities and operational concepts designed to prevent an opponent from entering or operating freely within a contested area.

An additional import duty permitted under WTO rules when investigated dumping causes the required injury to the importing country's domestic industry.

Waters enclosed by lawfully drawn archipelagic baselines of an archipelagic state under UNCLOS.

An agreement between belligerents to suspend military operations, often on a broad or indefinite basis pending further settlement.

Agreements and measures intended to limit, regulate or increase transparency concerning weapons and military capabilities.

Competitive increases in military capabilities by states responding to each other's actual or perceived armament.

A legal assessment under Article 36 of Additional Protocol I to determine whether a new weapon, means or method of warfare would be prohibited in some or all circumstances.

A treaty procedure for addressing a clear risk of serious breach, or an existing serious and persistent breach, of the EU's founding values by a member state.

A person who has sought international protection but whose claim has not yet been finally determined.

Mutual reliance in which actors would bear unequal costs if their economic or political relationship were disrupted.

Conflict in which opponents with unequal capabilities exploit different tactics and vulnerabilities rather than fighting on identical terms.

The legal determination of whether an act or omission is attributable to a state for purposes of international responsibility.

The degree to which relevant political or social audiences accept a claim that an issue requires exceptional security treatment.