Definition
A distribution of power among states such that no single state is strong enough to dominate the rest, often maintained through shifting alliances.
Theoretical Context
In realist international relations theory, states may balance a stronger power by expanding their own capabilities or by forming alliances. Balance of power refers both to the distribution of capabilities and strategies intended to limit domination.
Key Thinkers
Hans Morgenthau
Kenneth Waltz
Hedley Bull
Examples in Practice
01
Concert of Europe
Nineteenth-century great powers coordinated to manage their continental balance.
02
Cold War bipolarity
U.S.-Soviet competition shaped alliance systems and military balancing.